Phytochemical Diversity and Ethnomedicinal Significance of Genus Ophiorrhiza in Manipur with Special Reference to O. japonica Blume

Abstract

Genus Ophiorrhiza represents a substantial ethnomedicinal and pharmacologically important group that is widely distributed in India. In Manipur, eleven species of the genus are reportedly present. Ethnobotanical usage revealed that multiple species of the genus are traditionally used in the treatment of fever, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory conditions, while others serve as an edible food source. These findings corroborate pharmacological studies suggesting the presence of bioactive constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, while also reflecting their socioeconomic importance in the region. This study documents a comprehensive account of genus Ophiorrhiza present in Manipur and their diverse pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. It also includes phytochemical analysis of O. japonica found in Manipur and a comparative study against reference materials reported from established regions.